{"id":3234,"date":"2014-09-28T18:03:14","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T18:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org:8008\/?post_type=project&#038;p=3234"},"modified":"2020-12-29T10:01:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T10:01:14","slug":"willem-frederik-duisenberg-2","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/project\/willem-frederik-duisenberg-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Willem Frederik Duisenberg"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;none&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;19.4px|0px|9px|0px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; 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quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h1>THE ACADEMY<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_post_title admin_label=&#8221;T\u00cdTULO DE LA P\u00c1GINA (Autom\u00e1tico)&#8221; 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show_in_lightbox=&#8221;off&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; use_overlay=&#8221;off&#8221; always_center_on_mobile=&#8221;on&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; show_bottom_space=&#8221;on&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text et_pb_module et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_1\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<h4><strong>Diego Vel\u00e1zquez Chair<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Date:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>09-07-1935 (Heerenveen-Holland)<br \/>\n\u202031-07-2005 (Faucon-France)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nationality:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Holland<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profesion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Politician<\/p>\n<p><strong>Member since:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>13\/10\/2004<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THE ACADEMY Diego Vel\u00e1zquez Chair &nbsp; Date: 09-07-1935 (Heerenveen-Holland) \u202031-07-2005 (Faucon-France) Nationality: Holland Profesion: Politician Member since: 13\/10\/2004<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fullwidth=\"off\" specialty=\"off\" inner_shadow=\"off\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"css\"][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\"][et_pb_sidebar admin_label=\"Sidebar\" orientation=\"left\" area=\"et_pb_widget_area_3\" background_layout=\"light\" \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\"][et_pb_gallery admin_label=\"GALER\u00cdA ACADEMICO\" gallery_ids=\"2375\" fullwidth=\"on\" posts_number=\"4\" show_title_and_caption=\"on\" show_pagination=\"on\" background_layout=\"light\" \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"DESCRIPCI\u00d3N\" background_layout=\"light\" text_orientation=\"left\"]<\/p><h2>\u00a0Willem Frederik Duisenberg<\/h2><p><strong>\u00a0Sill\u00f3n Ludwig van Beethoven<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">Primer presidente del Banco Central Europeo (BCE). El hombre que introdujo el euro.<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">Como presidente del Banco Central Europeo, Wim Duisenberg fue un hombre de gran influencia. Sin embargo, nunca determin\u00f3 por s\u00ed solo la pol\u00edtica del banco, sino de com\u00fan acuerdo con los presidentes de los Bancos Centrales de los pa\u00edses europeos. A pesar de ello, Duisenberg representaba el BCE ante mundo exterior y lo convirti\u00f3 en una instituci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida. Antes de asumir su cargo en Frankfurt, presidi\u00f3 el Banco Central de Holanda, y mientras desempe\u00f1\u00f3 este cargo, su sucesor y amigo de siempre, Nout Wellink, fue miembro del Consejo de Administraci\u00f3n. Wellink se\u00f1ala que Duisenberg es un hombre de consenso, lo que siempre prefiri\u00f3 a las votaciones.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\"][et_pb_accordion admin_label=\"CONTENIDO DESPLEGABLE\"][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"M\u00c1S INFORMACI\u00d3N\"]<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">Tras terminar sus estudios de Econom\u00eda en la Universidad de Groninga, Duisenberg ocup\u00f3 un cargo en el Fondo Monetario Internacional, en Washington. Al cabo de unos a\u00f1os, regres\u00f3 a Holanda, y, a la edad de 34 a\u00f1os, cuando el mundo se hallaba sumergido en una profunda recesi\u00f3n, asume la responsabilidad del Ministerio de Hacienda en el Gobierno de coalici\u00f3n liderado por el socialista Joop den Uyl.<br \/> Jan Pronk, quien integrara tambi\u00e9n ese Gabinete como ministro de Ayuda al desarrollo, califica a Duisenberg de hombre experto y muy amable, que adem\u00e1s era un buen directivo. Pronk destaca que Duisenberg controlaba la situaci\u00f3n, algo muy importante para un ministro de Hacienda que, en un per\u00edodo tan dif\u00edcil como los a\u00f1os 70, formaba parte de un Gobierno de izquierda. A su juicio, en plena crisis del petr\u00f3leo. Duisenberg salv\u00f3 la econom\u00eda holandesa.<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">En 1978, Duisenberg abandona la pol\u00edtica para incorporarse al mundo financiero privado. Unos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, es nombrado gobernador del Banco Central de Holanda, y, en 1998 se convierte en el primer presidente del BCE.<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">En su nueva funci\u00f3n Duisenberg fue criticado en algunas ocasiones. En una de ellas, se le reproch\u00f3 referirse en t\u00e9rminos demasiado expl\u00edcitos a la moneda europea, la cual seguidamente perdi\u00f3 valor. Otro punto de critica fue la actitud pol\u00edtica de su esposa, Gretta Duisenberg, cuya postura pro-Palestina caus\u00f3 un enorme revuelo en la sociedad holandesa. Sin embargo, el banquero siempre puso de relieve que, si bien no siempre los compart\u00eda, respetaba los puntos de vista de su esposa. En realidad, la controversia podr\u00eda haber perjudicado la carrera de Duisenberg. Por fortuna, como constata Nout Wellink, las discusiones sobre la se\u00f1ora Duisenberg no afectaron al presidente del BCE ni a la pol\u00edtica monetaria europea.<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">Con la introducci\u00f3n de la moneda \u00fanica, el euro, operaci\u00f3n que se desarroll\u00f3 bajo responsabilidad de Duisenberg, la pol\u00edtica monetaria europea entr\u00f3 en una fase decisiva. El presidente del BCE califica de enorme desaf\u00edo la puesta en circulaci\u00f3n de unos nueve mil millones de euros en billetes, y m\u00e1s de 51 mil millones de monedas, para m\u00e1s de tres millones de ciudadanos en 12 pa\u00edses. La operaci\u00f3n transcurri\u00f3 sin mayores problemas, mejor de lo que el mismo Duisenberg hab\u00eda previsto, y le mereci\u00f3 generosos elogios.<\/p><p class=\"a12r666\" align=\"justify\">En primer instancia, Duisenberg se propon\u00eda dimitir al pasado mes de julio, tras cumplir 68 a\u00f1os. Sin embargo, se vio obligado a permanecer en su puesto por alg\u00fan tiempo m\u00e1s, pues su sucesor, el franc\u00e9s Jean-Claude Trichet, deb\u00eda comparecer en un caso de fraude en Francia y esperar su absoluci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"project_category":[282],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/3234"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/3234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionyuste.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_category?post=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}